It didn't start that way tho imo, OG nobles were a serious trade-off.
Yes, absolutely! Having to have multiple throne rooms and several pawns unable to work was a HUGE tradeoff! While I agree that that was a bit much, I feel when they "buffed" the noble path, they should also have done something for the deserter path. It doesn't have to be equal or even better, but perhaps it doesn't need to be shooting myself in both feet, full auto.
Right now it's like... it's like picking between two guns but the worse gun has even more drawbacks. Pick the bolt action rifle or a charge lance but if you pick the bolt action rifle you do not get to sniper rifles ever... How is that even a choice? And why is that related? D:
I actually don't think there's a need for every play path to be equally challenging. It could even be better if they aren't.
We do it with biomes, for examples. Obviously not every biome is of equal difficulty. And this has a lot of positive effects.
There's a game design concept I call 'implicit difficulty selection' where you get players to implicitly tune their own difficulty level to match their preferences without making them click a thing in a menu. There are a million ways to do this large and small, and RimWorld does many of them, but things like biome and play path selection are a few more.
I don't think the deserter path is perfect (nothing is, of course), but I'm satisfied if it's implicitly harder than the other paths.